For individuals with financial interests beyond Australian borders, understanding how international income is taxed by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is crucial. As a global citisen or resident in Australia, you might have sources of income from overseas, such as foreign investments, employment, or inheritance. As an accountant specialising in individual taxation, I often guide clients through the complexities of international income taxation. Here’s what you need to know.

1. Residency Status Matters

  • Tax Residency in Australia: Your tax obligations in Australia largely depend on your residency status. Australian residents for tax purposes are taxed on their worldwide income, whereas non-residents are only taxed on their Australian-sourced income.
  • Determining Residency: Several tests are used to determine tax residency, such as the ‘resides test’ and the ‘183-day test’. It’s important to correctly establish your residency status.

2. Types of International Income

  • Employment Income: This includes salaries and wages earned overseas. If you’re an Australian resident for tax purposes, this income is taxable in Australia.
  • Foreign Investments: Income from foreign investments, such as dividends, interest, or rental income, is subject to Australian tax.
  • Pensions and Annuities: Overseas pensions and annuities must be declared and are often taxable in Australia.

3. Tax Treaties and Double Taxation

  • Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): Australia has DTAs with many countries to prevent double taxation – where the same income is taxed by two countries.
  • Foreign Tax Credit: If you’ve paid tax on the income in another country, you may be entitled to a foreign tax credit in Australia.

4. Declaring International Income

  • Tax Return Obligations: You must declare all your international income in your Australian tax return, including income you’ve already paid tax on overseas.
  • Currency Conversion: Foreign income should be converted to Australian dollars using the appropriate exchange rate.

5. Foreign Income Tax Offset

  • Claiming a Tax Offset: You may be eligible for a foreign income tax offset for any foreign tax you’ve paid, reducing your Australian tax liability.
  • Limitations: The offset is limited to the amount of Australian tax payable on your foreign income.

6. Reporting Foreign Assets and Income

  • Disclosure Requirements: Australian tax laws have strict disclosure requirements for foreign assets and income. Non-disclosure can lead to significant penalties.

7. Seeking Professional Advice

  • Complex Regulations: International income taxation can be complex. It’s advisable to seek guidance from a qualified accountant who is knowledgeable in international tax matters.
  • Customised Advice: An accountant can provide personalised advice based on your specific circumstances, ensuring compliance and optimising your tax position.


International income taxation in Australia requires careful consideration of your residency status, understanding of the types of income that are taxable, awareness of DTAs, accurate declaration in tax returns, and potential entitlements like the foreign income tax offset. Whether you’re working overseas, have foreign investments, or receive an international pension, it’s important to navigate these tax obligations correctly. Talk to us to provide clarity and help you meet your tax responsibilities effectively.