In the context of Australian taxation, depreciation is a significant concept, especially for businesses and investors. It refers to the process of allocating the cost of an asset over its useful life. Understanding depreciation is crucial for effective tax planning and financial management as it impacts the calculation of taxable income. This article delves into what depreciation is, how it’s calculated, and its relevance in the Australian tax system.

What is Depreciation?

Depreciation is an accounting method used to allocate the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life. In essence, it represents the wear and tear or the reduction in value of an asset over time due to usage, aging, and obsolescence.

 Types of Assets that Depreciate
  • Plant and Equipment: Items within a building, like ovens, dishwashers, carpets, and blinds.
  • Building Allowance: The construction cost of the building itself, including concrete and brickwork.
 How is Depreciation Calculated in Australia?
  1. Prime Cost Method (Straight Line)
    • This method spreads the cost evenly over the asset’s useful life.
    • Annual Depreciation = (Cost of the Asset – Residual Value) / Useful Life of the Asset.
  2. Diminishing Value Method
    • This method assumes that the asset will lose more value in its early years.
    • Annual Depreciation = (Book Value of the Asset at the Beginning of the Year) x (Depreciation Rate).
 The Role of Depreciation in Taxation
  1. Tax Deductions: Depreciation is considered a tax-deductible expense. Businesses can deduct the depreciation of their assets from their taxable income, thus reducing their tax liability.
  2. Capital Works Deductions: For investment properties, owners can claim deductions for the building’s construction costs and structural improvements over a period (usually 25-40 years).
  3. Immediate Write-offs: Small businesses in Australia may be able to immediately write off the full value of assets purchased up to a certain limit under instant asset write-off schemes.
  4. Depreciation Schedules: Property investors often use a tax depreciation schedule prepared by a quantity surveyor to maximise their tax deductions.
Benefits of Depreciation
  • Reduces Taxable Income: By claiming depreciation, businesses and investors can lower their taxable income, resulting in significant tax savings.
  • Improves Cash Flow: Depreciation deductions can improve cash flow by reducing the amount of tax payable.
  • Reflects Asset Usage: It provides a more accurate representation of the asset’s value and the expense of using it over time.
 Key Considerations
  • ATO Guidelines: The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) sets guidelines on how depreciation should be calculated, including the effective life of assets.
  • Contact Us: It’s advisable to give us a call, particularly for complex assets or large investments, to ensure compliance and maximisation of deductions.


Depreciation plays a vital role in the Australian tax system, offering businesses and property investors a way to manage the costs of their assets effectively while gaining tax advantages. Proper understanding and management of depreciation can lead to significant financial benefits, making it a crucial aspect of financial and tax planning. As with many tax matters, consulting with professionals to navigate depreciation rules and maximise benefits is often a prudent approach.